Freshwater swimming pools, whirlpools, and naturally occurring fresh and marine surface waters are all examples of recreational waters. These waters must be tested for the presence of coliform and/or heterotrophic bacteria. Although the presence of coliform bacteria in water suggests that it is potentially unsafe to drink. Other bacteria isolated from recreational water may pose … Read more
One of the most common inorganic anion in water and waste water is chloride (CL- ion). The salty taste produced by chloride concentrations in potable water varies depending on the chemical composition of the water. If the cation is sodium, some waters containing 250 CI- mg/I may have a detectable salty taste. When calcium and … Read more
Water is a chemical compound with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The chemical formula for water is H2O. Carbonic acid is produced when water is dissolved in carbon dioxide, which raises the acidity of water or the liquid in the subject. The higher the acidity, the more carbon dioxide has been dissolved in … Read more
The alkalinity of water and wastewaters is the capacity to neutralize acids. Alkalinity is the term used to describe the concentration of hydroxide ions in water. The general formula for alkalinity is Ca x 2 + Mg x 2 H 2 O where Ca and Mg are the cations and x is the degree of … Read more
What is Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ? Biochemical oxygen demand is used as a measure of the quantity of oxygen required for oxidation of Biodegradable organic matter present in water samples by aerobic biological action. The oxygen demand of wastewater is exerted by three classes of materials. 1. Carboneous organic materials are used as a … Read more